How can a Laravel developer implement or use Input normalization correctly? Explain the flow, key steps, and practical considerations.

How can a Laravel developer implement or use Input normalization correctly? Explain the flow, key steps, and practical considerations. A practical implementation starts by deciding which application layer owns the responsibility, then using Laravel's framework API consistently, validating input where necessary, authorizing state-changing actions, and testing both successful and failure paths. Requests can be prepared or normalized before validation when an application needs consistent input shapes. Example pattern: public function store(Request $request) { $name = $request->input('name'); $page = $request->query('page', 1); $postId = $request->route('post'); } The code is intentionally small; a production implementation should also consider validation, authorization, error handling, logging, monitoring, and test coverage relevant to the feature.