What is Migration execution in Laravel, and what role does it play in a real application?

What is Migration execution in Laravel, and what role does it play in a real application? In Laravel, migration execution should be understood as part of a larger application architecture rather than as an isolated API call. Migration commands apply, inspect and roll back database schema changes. A strong understanding includes its purpose, the layer where it belongs, the data or request flow it affects, and the situations where another mechanism may be more appropriate. Practical context: Artisan is Laravel's command-line interface for generating code, inspecting the application, running migrations, clearing caches and executing custom commands. The specific focus here is migration execution: Migration commands apply, inspect and roll back database schema changes. This question is designed to test not only terminology, but also how the concept fits into Laravel's request, application, database, security, or deployment workflow.